68:369 Aboriginal Education Seminar - Indigenous Resources - Background, Policy, Analysis

eBooks on Indigenous Education

Decolonizing and indigenizing education in Canada by Sheila Cote-Meek, Taima Moeke-Pickering
ISBN: 1773381830
Publication Date: 2020
We have 3 online copies of this book because access in each is limited to a single user at a time. If you cannot get into one, try the link for another.
Knowing the past, facing the future : Indigenous education in Canada by Sheila Carr-Stewart
ISBN: 0774880376
Publication Date: 2019
Knowing the Past, Facing the Future traces the arc of Indigenous education since Confederation and draws a road map of the obstacles that need to be removed before the challenge of reconciliation can be met. This insightful volume is organized in three parts. The opening chapters examine colonial promises and practices, including the treaty right to education and the establishment of day, residential, and industrial schools. The chapters in Parts 2 and 3 are written alternately from within Indigenous and Western paradigms. Parts 2 focuses on the legacy of racism, trauma, and dislocation; Part 3 explore contemporary issues in curriculum development, assessment, leadership, and governance.
A National Crime by John S. Milloy; Mary Jane Logan McCallum (Foreword by)
Call Number: e version / print versions also in library
ISBN: 9780887555213
Publication Date: 2017-03-29
"I am going to tell you how we are treated. I am always hungry." -- Edward B., a student at Onion Lake School (1923)"[I]f I were appointed by the Dominion Government for the express purpose of spreading tuberculosis, there is nothing finer in existance that the average Indian residential school." -- N. Walker, Indian Affairs Superintendent (1948)For over 100 years, thousands of Aboriginal children passed through the Canadian residential school system. Begun in the 1870s, it was intended, in the words of government officials, to bring these children into the "circle of civilization," the results, however, were far different. More often, the schools provided an inferior education in an atmosphere of neglect, disease, and often abuse. Using previously unreleased government documents, historian John S. Milloy provides a full picture of the history and reality of the residential school system. He begins by tracing the ideological roots of the system, and follows the paper trail of internal memoranda, reports from field inspectors, and letters of complaint. In the early decades, the system grew without planning or restraint. Despite numerous critical commissions and reports, it persisted into the 1970s, when it transformed itself into a social welfare system without improving conditions for its thousands of wards. A National Crime shows that the residential system was chronically underfunded and often mismanaged, and documents in detail and how this affected the health, education, and well-being of entire generations of Aboriginal children.
The Education of Augie Merasty: A Residential School Memoir by Merasty, Joseph Auguste Carpenter, David
Call Number: e version / print also in Library
ISBN: 9780889773707
Publication Date: 2015
Named the fourth most important "Book of the Year" by the National Post in 2015 and voted "One Book/One Province" in Saskatchewan for 2017, The Education of Augie Merasty launched on the front page of The Globe and Mail to become a national bestseller and an instant classic.

A courageous and intimate memoir, The Education of Augie Merasty is the story of a child who faced the dark heart of humanity, let loose by the cruel policies of a bigoted nation.

A retired fisherman and trapper who sometimes lived rough on the streets, Augie Merasty was one of an estimated 150,000 First Nations, Inuit, and Metis children who were taken from their families and sent to government-funded, church-run schools, where they were subjected to a policy of aggressive assimilation.

As Augie recounts, these schools did more than attempt to mould children in the ways of white society. They were taught to be ashamed of their heritage and, as he experienced, often suffered physical and sexual abuse.

But even as he looks back on this painful part of his childhood, Merasty's sense of humour and warm voice shine through.

"In this book I have seen horror through eyes of a child. " - James Daschuk, author of Clearing the Plains

"A story in which our entire nation has an obscure and dark complicity. " - David Carpenter, co-author of The Education of Augie Merasty and author of The Gold and other books
Indian Education in Canada (Volume 1) by Jean Barman (Editor); Yvonne Hébert (Editor); Don McCaskill (Editor)
ISBN: 0774802650
Publication Date: 1987-01-01
The two volumes comprising Indian Education in Canada present the first full-length discussion of this important subject since the adoption in 1972 of a new federal policy moving toward Indian control of Indian education. Volume 1 analyzes the education of Indian children by whites since the arrival of the first Europeans in Canada. Volume 2 is concerned with the wide-ranging changes that have taken place since 1972.
Indian Education in Canada, Volume 2 by Jean Barman (Editor); Yvonne Hébert (Editor); Don McCaskill (Editor)
ISBN: 0774845244
Publication Date: 2013-01-01
The two volumes comprising Indian Education in Canada present the first full-length discussion of this important subject since the adoption in 1972 of a new federal policy moving toward Indian control of Indian education. Volume 1 analyzes the education of Indian children by whites since the arrival of the first Europeans in Canada. Volume 2 is concerned with the wide-ranging changes that have taken place since 1972.
Creating Space by Verna J. Kirkness
ISBN: 088755444X
Publication Date: 2013-09-13
Verna J. Kirkness grew up on the Fisher River Indian reserve in Manitoba. Her childhood dream to be a teacher set her on a lifelong journey in education as a teacher, counsellor, consultant, and professor. Her simple quest to teach "in a Native way" revolutionized Canadian education policy and practice.Kirkness broke new ground at every turn. As the first cross-cultural consultant for the Manitoba Department of Education Curriculum Branch she made Cree and Ojibway the languages of instruction in several Manitoba schools. In the early 1970s she became the first Education Director for the Manitoba Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs) and then Education Director for the National Indian Brotherhood (now the Assembly of First Nations). She played a pivotal role in developing the education sections of Wahbung: Our Tomorrows, which transformed Manitoba education, and the landmark 1972 national policy of Indian Control of Indian Education. These two major works have shaped First Nations education in Canada for more than 40 years. In the 1980s she became an assistant professor at the University of British Columbia where she was appointed Director of the Native Teacher Education Program, founded the Ts''Kel Graduate Program, and was a driving force behind the creation of the First Nations House of Learning. Honoured by community and country, Kirkness is a visionary who has inspired, and been inspired by, generations of students. Like a long conversation between friends, Creating Space reveals the challenges and misgivings, the burning questions, the successes and failures that have shaped the life of this extraordinary woman and the history of Aboriginal education in Canada.
A Knock on the Door by Phil Fontaine (Foreword by); Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada; Aimée Craft (Afterword by)
ISBN: 0887555381
Publication Date: 2015-12-15
This is the eBook version.

"It can start with a knock on the door one morning. It is the local Indian agent, or the parish priest, or, perhaps, a Mounted Police officer." So began the school experience of many Indigenous children in Canada for more than a hundred years, and so begins the history of residential schools prepared by the Truth & Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC). Between 2008 and 2015, the TRC provided opportunities for individuals, families, and communities to share their experiences of residential schools and released several reports based on 7000 survivor statements and five million documents from government, churches, and schools, as well as a solid grounding in secondary sources.A Knock on the Door, published in collaboration with the National Research Centre for Truth & Reconciliation, gathers material from the several reports the TRC has produced to present the essential history and legacy of residential schools in a concise and accessible package that includes new materials to help inform and contextualize the journey to reconciliation that Canadians are now embarked upon.Survivor and former National Chief of the Assembly First Nations, Phil Fontaine, provides a Foreword, and an Afterword introduces the holdings and opportunities of the National Centre for Truth & Reconciliation, home to the archive of recordings, and documents collected by the TRC. As Aimée Craft writes in the Afterword, knowing the historical backdrop of residential schooling and its legacy is essential to the work of reconciliation. In the past, agents of the Canadian state knocked on the doors of Indigenous families to take the children to school. Now, the Survivors have shared their truths and knocked back. It is time for Canadians to open the door to mutual understanding, respect, and reconciliation.

Links to specific volumes & indexes: Canada's residential schools : the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Canada's residential schools : the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.
Link to each volume and their respective indexes.

Here is the list and links for the individual volumes and indexes noted at the site above for Canada's residential schools : the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada.

Canada's Residential Schools : The history, Part 1; Origins to 1939.
Volume 1, Part 1
Canada's Residential Schools : The history, Part 1; Origins to 1939: index
Volume 1, Part 1, index
Canada's Residential Schools : The history, Part 2; 1939 to 2000.
Volume 1, Part 2
Canada's Residential Schools : The history, Part 2; 1939 to 2000: index
Volume 1, Part 2, index
Canada's Residential Schools : The Inuit and northern experience.
Volume 2
Canada's Residential Schools : The Inuit and northern experience: Index
Volume 2 index
Canada's Residential Schools : The Métis experience.
Volume 3
Canada's Residential Schools : The Métis experience: index
Volume 3, index
Canada's Residential Schools : Missing children and unmarked burials.
Volume 4
Canada's Residential Schools : Missing children and unmarked burials.
Volume 4, index
Canada's Residential Schools : The legacy.
Volume 5
Canada's Residential Schools : The legacy.
Volume 5, index
Canada's Residential Schools : Reconciliation.
Volume 6
Canada's Residential Schools : Reconciliation.
Volume 6, index

Manitoba Curriculum Support

From Apology to Reconciliation: Residential School Survivors
From Apology to Reconciliation: Residential School Survivors was developed in response to the Government of Canada’s formal apology to Aboriginal people who attended residential schools. The project was created to help Manitoba students in Grades 9 and 11 understand the history of the residential school experience, its influence on contemporary Canada, and our responsibilities as Canadian citizens.
It's Our Time: First Nations Education Tool Kit
The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) developed the It's Our Time: First Nations Education Tool Kit Teacher's Guide to promote and enhance First Nations student success by preparing and collecting relevant resources for schools, teachers, facilitators, and other community stakeholders. The resource will also help to increase understanding of First Nations history and culture among Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples by providing relevant tools and resources. The school-based aspects of the resource complement both First Nations and provincial curricula, and offer a teacher-friendly resource that can be used in creative and flexible ways.
Creating Racism-Free Schools through Critical/Courageous Conversations on Race
This support document is aimed at promoting school divisions, schools, teachers, parents, and students to undertake critical and courageous conversations on racism to create inclusive and equitable classrooms and schools for First Nation Métis Inuit students and all students. The document helps to inform and encourage educators, describes the levels and effects of racism, acknowledges history, stimulates dialogue through critical and courageous conversations and contributes to the TRC's Call to Action.
Indigenous Education: Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis and Inuit Studies A Foundation for Implementation
Grade 12 Current Topics in First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Studies: A Foundation for Implementation supports the empowerment of students through the exploration of the histories, traditions, cultures, worldviews, and contemporary issues of Indigenous peoples in Canada and worldwide. Students gain knowledge and develop the values, as well as the critical thinking, communication, analytical, and inquiry skills, that will enable them to better understand past and present realities of Indigenous peoples. Additionally, exploration of topics such as self-determination, self-government, and language and cultural reclamation allows students to understand and work towards the post-colonial future envisioned by Indigenous peoples.
Indigenous Education: Kindergarten to Grade 12 Aboriginal Languages and Cultures Manitoba Curriculum Framework of Outcomes
This Framework is grounded in a traditional* Aboriginal world view. This is a valid way of seeing the world that will guide Aboriginal peoples in reclaiming, revitalizing, maintaining, and preserving their languages and cultures. Aboriginal languages and cultures are continually evolving, however, which may result in changing world views. In recognition of the diversity of evolving Aboriginal perspectives, the Framework attempts to accommodate changing world views while retaining a fundamental connection to traditional world views.

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The intent of the Framework is to provide a focus and direction for student learning outcomes that will standardize learning experiences regarding the teaching of Aboriginal languages and cultures in Manitoba. The Framework also provides a foundation for the development of other types of language programming, such as bilingual and immersion programming. Topics in the Senior Years can be developed into school-initiated courses (SICs) and student- initiated projects (SIPs).
Incorporating Aboriginal Perspectives: A Theme-Based Curricular Approach
To support the incorporation of Aboriginal Perspectives, the Aboriginal Education Directorate, through the Aboriginal Education and Training Framework has established goals that are based on the premise that school environments inclusive of Aboriginal knowledge and perspectives will improve student success and completion rates, increase employability skills and reduce transiency.
Incorporating Aboriginal Perspectives: A Theme-Based Curricular Approach Cultural Concepts
Incorporating Aboriginal Perspectives: A Theme-Based Curricular Approach Resource Materials and Templates
Teacher Professional Reference: Aboriginal Education Grades K-12: A Reference for Selecting Learning Resources
Residential Schools Senior Years Learning Resources: A Reference for Selecting Learning Resources
Manitoba Kindergarten to Grade 4 Aboriginal Languages and Cultures: Bibliography of Recommended Picture Books/Novels with Suggested Uses: A Reference for Selecting Learning Resources

Video Sources: Residential Schools, government schools, church schools

BU Library Guide: Orange Shirt Day

Links to video - St. Joseph's Residential School Stories (w/Phyllis' Story) Just over 3 minutes

St. Joseph's Residential School Commemoration Project : just under 3 minutes

Note: when you view the videos on a page further into the site, it reads that once you go to youtube, videos of a similar subject will appear as options This is true - but they also come with ads, may not be acceptable, and so on. There are TED talks on youtube on this subject. For example....

Canadian Shame: A History of Residential Schools | Ginger Gosnell-Myers | TEDxVancouver 15+ minutes.
video
Residential school survivor explains the impact on her family 3+ minutes
video - Residential school survivor Louise Longclaws explains how the experience affected her ability to bond and parent her own children. CBC on youtube
Residential school survivor: 'I grew up hating the colour of my skin.' 3+ minutes
video - Residential school survivor Louise Hall explains why she hated the colour of her skin growing up and how she learned to accept herself eventually.
Residential School Survivor Personal Stories 14 + minutes
Personal stories by Elder Hazel Squakin
Part of a channel that links to https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyavNsRXlipQ6nd9tukkw6A/featured

NFB: Indigenous Cinema https://www.nfb.ca/indigenous-cinema/?&film_lang=en&sort=year:desc,title&year_min=1939&year_max=2021

I think it's worthwhile to just go to NFB and run a search for residential schools.

https://www.nfb.ca/subjects/indigenous-peoples-in-canada-first-nations-and-metis/residential-schools/ Residential Schools section

Sample:

Holy Angels
video: In 1963, Lena Wandering Spirit became one of the more than 150,000 Indigenous children who were removed from their families and sent to residential school. Jay Cardinal Villeneuve’s short documentary Holy Angels powerfully recaptures Canada’s colonialist history through impressionistic images and the fragmented language of a child. Villeneuve met Lena through his work as a videographer with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Filmed with a fierce determination to not only uncover history but move past it, Holy Angels speaks of the resilience of a people who have found ways of healing—and of coming home again.

NOTE: AT NFB, THERE IS ALSO CONTENT ABOUT THESE SCHOOLS FROM EARLIER TIME PERIODS - FOR EXAMPLE, OFF TO SCHOOL

Please note that this film was produced in 1958 and reflects the attitudes and thinking of its era. To modern audiences, parts of the film may be perceived as offensive, but it must be seen as a cultural product of the era in which it was produced. The perspectives of Canadians (and the NFB) have evolved and become more conscious of Indigenous rights, realities and points of view since the making of the film. Through its rich collection of Indigenous-made films, available at Indigenous Cinema, the NFB continues to strive to challenge stereotypes about Indigenous people and accurately depict the diverse experiences of Indigenous communities.

Second stories - it had to be done
This short documentary explores the legacy of residential schools through the eyes of two extraordinary women who not only lived it, but who, as adults, made the surprising decision to return to the school that had affected their lives so profoundly. This intimate and moving film affirms their strength and dignity in standing up and making a difference on their own terms.

Second Stories follows on the heels of the enormously successful First Stories project, which produced 3 separate collections of short films from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. Second Stories builds on that success by continuing the training with 3 of the 12 Indigenous filmmakers who delivered such compelling short documentaries. Produced in association with CBC, APTN, SCN, SaskFilm and MANITOBA FILM & SOUND.
Legacy of Hope Foundation
"The Legacy of Hope Foundation (LHF) is a national Indigenous-led, charitable organization founded in 2000 with the goal of educating and raising awareness about the history and many legacies of the Residential School System. These include the direct and ongoing impacts on First Nation, Métis, and Inuit Survivors, their communities, and their descendants."

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"Our mission is to educate towards creating just and equal relationships of reconciliation and healing for all Canadians, to expand awareness of and access to the rich legacy of the contributions of Indigenous Peoples in Canada and the world, and to make known the histories of Indigenous Peoples in Canada, including the histories of injustice."

Legacy site has a separate section for videos. Some are quite lengthy - up to an hour.

Where Are the Children?/Residential School Survivor Stories
Includes Videos: A collection of Survivor stories from the Our Stories…Our Strength video collection. (http://wherearethechildren.ca/en/stories/)

See the section https://legacyofhope.ca/wherearethechildren/stories/

OISE: Deepening Knowledge
See Film and Video section of page

Indigenous Studies Videos from McIntyre Media
Now included in Can Core AV, separate access will cease on August 31, 2021

This is part of Can Core Academic Video. There are more videos when you do a search in Can Core AV (see below)

Can Core AV
Designed for Canadian college and university faculty & students, CAN-CORE AV is an excellent source of current and relevant video content.

Search: “residential schools”

Results include Segments (shorter) and Full Titles (longer documentaries)

Curio
For over 20 years, the combined team of CBC Learning and Radio-Canada Contenus éducatifs have been offering educators access to Canada's premier educational programming

Search for "residential schools" to find a variety of video clips

Databases

Consider a look at the IPORTAL section for Residential Schools - https://iportal.usask.ca/index.php?sid=219527984&t=sub_pages&cat=39

(From the front page of IPORTAL - Education - Residential Schools) - cross section of materials.

Also, if interested in specific schools, they may be searched by name independently.

Depending how much detail - individual schools will be listed in the Sessional Papers. There are a variety of sources - we have print in Library, but they are online - see, for example

https://parl.canadiana.ca/browse?show=eng_c_sessional

For example, pages 303-394 - Department of Indian Affairs, annual report, 1897, volume 11. 8th Parliament. Starts here - generally moves east to west. For example, Brandon = 315.

Proquest Dissertations:

Some examples:

Pauls, S. R. (1996). An examination of the relationships between First Nation schools and departments of education in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Order No. NN18093). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (193512220). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/examination-relationships-between-first-nation/docview/193512220/se-2?accountid=9705

Articles, books dissertations

From Marian:

I came across this recent article that studied the prevalence of Indigenous students attending public schools in B.C. :

Sean Carleton (2021) ‘The children show unmistakable signs of Indian blood’: Indigenous children attending public schools in British Columbia, 1872–1925, History of Education, DOI: 10.1080/0046760X.2021.1879281

Indigenous Resources - Background, Policy, Analysis: 68:369 Aboriginal Education Seminar